An Electrical Transformer is a machine that transfers electricity from one circuit to another with varying voltage levels but not frequency. Today, they are designed to run on AC power, which means that fluctuations in the supply voltage are affected by currency fluctuations. Therefore, an increase in current leads to an increase in voltage and vice versa.

　　Transformers help improves the safety and efficiency of power systems by stepping up and stepping down voltage levels when needed. They are widely used in residential and industrial applications, mainly and probably most importantly for long-distance power distribution and regulation.

　　The three important parts of a transformer are the magnetic core, primary winding, and secondary winding. The primary winding is the part connected to the power supply, from where the magnetic flux is initially generated. These coils are insulated from each other, and the main flux is induced in the primary winding, from where it is passed to the magnetic core, and connects to the secondary winding of the transformer through a low reluctance path.

　　The core relays the flux to the secondary winding to create a magnetic circuit that closes the flux, and a low reluctance path is placed within the core to maximize flux linkage. The secondary winding helps to complete the flux movement from the primary side and uses the magnetic core to reach the secondary winding. The secondary windings are able to gain momentum because both windings are wound on the same magnetic core, so their magnetic fields help create motion. In all types of transformers, the magnetic core is assembled by stacking laminated steel plates with the minimum required air gap between them to ensure the continuity of the magnetic circuit.